期刊
MOLECULES
卷 20, 期 4, 页码 6611-6625出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046611
关键词
lutein; -carotene; spinach; ultrasound; TLC; densitometry; mass spectrometry
资金
- Higher Committee for Education Development in Iraq (HCED)
The extraction of lutein and -carotene from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves is important to the dietary supplement industry. A Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to investigate the effect of process variables on the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of lutein and -carotene from spinach. Three independent variables, extraction temperature (degrees C), extraction power (%) and extraction time (min) were studied. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) followed by UV visualization and densitometry was used as a simple and rapid method for both identification and quantification of lutein and -carotene during UAE. Methanol extracts of leaves from spinach and authentic standards of lutein and -carotene were separated by normal-phase TLC with ethyl acetate-acetone (5:4 (v/v)) as the mobile phase. In this study, the combination of TLC, densitometry, and Box-Behnken with RSM methods were effective for the quantitative analysis of lutein and -carotene from spinach extracts. The resulting quadratic polynomial models for optimizing lutein and -carotene from spinach had high coefficients of determination of 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. The optimal UAE settings for output of lutein and -carotene simultaneously from spinach extracts were an extraction temperature of 40 degrees C, extraction power of 40% (28 W/cm(3)) and extraction time of 16 min. The identity and purity of each TLC spot was measured using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Therefore, UAE assisted extraction of carotenes from spinach can provide a source of lutein and -carotene for the dietary supplement industry.
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