期刊
ISME JOURNAL
卷 8, 期 5, 页码 953-962出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.211
关键词
metabolic cross-feeding; obligate cooperation; frequency-dependent selection; synthetic ecology; division of labour; syntrophy
资金
- Jena School for Microbial Communication
- International Max Planck Research School
- Volkswagen Foundation
- Max Planck Society
- Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia
- Siemens SA Portugal
Cross-feeding interactions, in which bacterial cells exchange costly metabolites to the benefit of both interacting partners, are very common in the microbial world. However, it generally remains unclear what maintains this type of interaction in the presence of non-cooperating types. We investigate this problem using synthetic cross-feeding interactions: by simply deleting two metabolic genes from the genome of Escherichia coli, we generated genotypes that require amino acids to grow and release other amino acids into the environment. Surprisingly, in a vast majority of cases, cocultures of two cross-feeding strains showed an increased Darwinian fitness ( that is, rate of growth) relative to prototrophic wild type cells-even in direct competition. This unexpected growth advantage was due to a division of metabolic labour: the fitness cost of overproducing amino acids was less than the benefit of not having to produce others when they were provided by their partner. Moreover, frequency-dependent selection maintained cross-feeding consortia and limited exploitation by non-cooperating competitors. Together, our synthetic study approach reveals ecological principles that can help explain the widespread occurrence of obligate metabolic cross-feeding interactions in nature.
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