Hybrid membranes based on sulfated titania nanoparticles as low-cost proton conductors

This work reports on a novel, hybrid solid-state membrane based on sulfated titania nanoparticles stabilized by a polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. A fast solvent-casting technique was adopted as a valid alternative to a fully dry, hot-pressing preparation procedure. Self-standing, flexible membranes with high proton conductivity were obtained.