Inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols by targeting cyclooxygenase-2 through regulation of nuclear factor kappa B, Akt and p53 in rat mammary tumors

Breast cancer has become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The control of this disease can be achieved through chemoprevention, which refers to the consumption of synthetic or naturally occurring agents to block, reverse, or delay the process of tumor development. Tea (Camellia sinensis), the most widely consumed beverage, has shown promises in the field of cancer chemoprevention. Inhibition of tumorigenesis by green or black tea polyphenols has been demonstrated in various in vitro and in vivo models. Here, we examined the inhibitory effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) and black tea polyphenol (BTP) on the development of mammary tumors- induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) in female, Wistar rats. 13% and 33% of animals developed tumors in GTP and BTP supplemented groups, respectively. Both GTP and BTP are effective in significantly inhibiting the cumulative number of mammary tumors (by similar to 92% and 77%, respectively) and in reducing their growth. Mechanistically, we investigated the effects of GTP and BTP on the components of cell signaling pathways, connecting biomolecules involved in cancer development. GTP and BTP supplementation as a sole source of drinking solution leads to scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (by similar to 72% and 69%, respectively) by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and inactivation of phosphorylated forms of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and Akt. Altogether, the study suggests that both cultivars of tea, i.e. green and black, have anti-tumorigenic potential against DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis in Wistar rats. Further studies such as large and long term cohort studies and clinical trials are warranted.