期刊
INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW
卷 77, 期 3, 页码 415-429出版社
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-5823.2009.00084.x
关键词
Analysis of covariance; bias elimination; conditionality; estimation of error; exact significance test; history of design; small experiments; analyse de covariance; elimination de biais; conditionnalite; estimation d'erreur; test de signification exact; historique de la conception; petites experimentations
资金
- Isaac Newton Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
P>A general review is given of the role of randomization in experimental design. Three objectives are distinguished, the avoidance of bias, the establishment of a secure base for the estimation of error in traditional designs, and the provision of formally exact tests of significance and confidence limits. The approximate randomization theory associated with analysis of covariance is outlined and conditionality considerations are used to explain the limited role of randomization in experiments with very small numbers of experimental units. The relation between the so-called design-based and model-based analyses is discussed. Corresponding results in sampling theory are mentioned briefly.
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