Cronobacter gen nov, a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen nov, comb nov, Cronobacter malonaticus sp nov, Cronobacter turicensis sp nov, Cronobacter muytjensii sp nov, Cronobacter dublinensis sp nov, Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp dublinensis subsp nov, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp lausannensis subsp nov and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp lactaridi subsp nov

[Enterobacter] sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause infections in neonates. This study further clarifies the taxonomy of isolates described as [E] sakazakii and completes the formal description of the proposed reclassification of these organisms as novel species and subspecies within a proposed novel genus, Cronobacter gen. nov. [E] sakazakii was first defined in 1980, however recent polyphasic taxonomic analysis has determined that this group of organisms consists of several genomospecies. In this study, the phenotypic descriptions of the proposed novel species are expanded using Biotype 100 and Biolog Phenotype MicroArray data. Further DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that malonate-positive strains within the [E] sakazakii genomospecies represent a distinct species, not a subspecies. DNA-DNA hybridizations also determined that phenotypically different strains within the proposed species, Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov., belong to the same species and can be considered as novel subspecies. Based on these analyses, the following alternative classifications are proposed: Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov. [type strain ATCC 29544(T) (=NCTC 11467(T))]; Cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov. [type strain CDC 1058-77(T) (=LMG 23826(T) =DSM 18702(T))] Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov. [type strain z3032(T) (=LMG 23827(T) =DSM 18703(T))]; Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov. [type strain ATCC 51329(T) (=Clp 103581(T))]; Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. [type strain DES187(T) (=LMG 23823(T) =DSM 18705(T))]; Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov. [type strain DES187(T) (=LMG 23823(T) =DSM 18705(T))]; Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. [type strain E515(T) (= LMG 23824=DSM 18706(T))], and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. [type strain E464(T) (=LMG 23825(T)=DSM 18707(T))].