期刊
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
卷 24, 期 20, 页码 5110-5129出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mec.13392
关键词
Bayesian analysis; isolation by cluster; isolation by distance; isolation by landscape resistance; landscape genetics; Martes martes; reciprocal causal modelling
资金
- Basque Government through the Research group on 'Systematics, Biogeography and Population Dynamics' [IT317-10, GIC10/76, IT575/13]
- SAIOTEK research programme [S-PE11UN028]
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- Department of Environment, Territorial Planning, Agriculture and Fisheries (Basque Government) through IKT S.A under the University-Enterprise Research programme [UE07/02]
- Dept. of Education Universities
- Research of the Basque Government [DKR-2012-64]
- Spanish Ministry of Environment, Regional Governments of Navarre and Aragon, Alava Provincial Council
Landscape genetics provides a valuable framework to understand how landscape features influence gene flow and to disentangle the factors that lead to discrete and/or clinal population structure. Here, we attempt to differentiate between these processes in a forest-dwelling small carnivore [European pine marten (Martes martes)]. Specifically, we used complementary analytical approaches to quantify the spatially explicit genetic structure and diversity and analyse patterns of gene flow for 140 individuals genotyped at 15 microsatellite loci. We first used spatially explicit and nonspatial Bayesian clustering algorithms to partition the sample into discrete clusters and evaluate hypotheses of isolation by barriers' (IBB). We further characterized the relationships between genetic distance and geographical (isolation by distance', IBD) and ecological distances (isolation by resistance', IBR) obtained from optimized landscape models. Using a reciprocal causal modelling approach, we competed the IBD, IBR and IBB hypotheses with each other to unravel factors driving population genetic structure. Additionally, we further assessed spatially explicit indices of genetic diversity using sGD across potentially overlapping genetic neighbourhoods that matched the inferred population structure. Our results revealed a complex spatial genetic cline that appears to be driven jointly by IBD and partial barriers to gene flow (IBB) associated with poor habitat and interspecific competition. Habitat loss and fragmentation, in synergy with past overharvesting and possible interspecific competition with sympatric stone marten (Martes foina), are likely the main factors responsible for the spatial genetic structure we observed. These results emphasize the need for a more thorough evaluation of discrete and clinal hypotheses governing gene flow in landscape genetic studies, and the potential influence of different limiting factors affecting genetic structure at different spatial scales.
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