期刊
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
卷 24, 期 7, 页码 1558-1571出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mec.13124
关键词
genetic compatibility; genetic constraints; good genes; male manipulation; polyandry; sexual conflict
资金
- UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F006071/1, NE/J024567/1]
- Rutherford Discovery Fellowship from New Zealand
- Volkswagen Foundation
- University of Otago
- Ministry of Education of Taiwan
- University of Sheffield
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J024597/1, NE/F006071/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- NERC [NE/J024597/1, NE/F006071/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Traditional models for female extra-pair matings assume that females benefit indirectly from extra-pair mating behaviour. Under these so-called adaptive models, extra-pair males are hypothesized to have more compatible genotypes, larger body size, exaggerated ornaments or to be older than cuckolded males. Alternatively, (nonadaptive') models that consider female extra-pair matings to be a by-product posit that female extra-pair mating can be maintained even if there is no benefit to females. This could happen if, for example, males gained fitness benefits from extra-pair mating, while female and male extra-pair mating behaviours were genetically correlated. Extra-pair males are also expected to be older and larger if this improves their ability to convince or coerce females to mate. We investigated whether a female's extra-pair mates differed from her cuckolded mate in both genetic and phenotypic traits by analysing data from an insular house sparrow population. We found that extra-pair males were older than cuckolded males, consistent with both models. However, in contrast to the expectations from from adaptive models, extra-pair and cuckolded males were of similar genetic relatedness, and hence expected compatibility, with the female, and had comparable body size and secondary sexual traits. We also updated previous meta-analyses examining differences between extra-pair and cuckolded males. The meta-analytic results matched results from our house sparrow case study. Although we cannot completely exclude indirect benefits for females, nonadaptive models may better explain female extra-pair matings. These neglected alternative models deserve more research attention, and this should improve our understanding of the evolution of mating systems.
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