Tumor suppressors ZNRF3 and RNF43 inhibit Wnt signaling through promoting degradation of Wnt coreceptors Frizzled (FZD) and LRP6, and this activity is counteracted by stem cell growth factor R-spondin. The mechanism by which ZNRF3 and RNF43 recognize Wnt receptors remains unclear. Here we uncover an unexpected role of Dishevelled (DVL), a positive Wnt regulator, in promoting Wnt receptor degradation. DVL knockout cells have significantly increased cell surface levels of FZD and LRP6. DVL is required for ZNRF3/RNF43-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of FZD. Physical interaction with DVL is essential for the Wnt inhibitory activity of ZNRF3/RNF43. Binding of FZD through the DEP domain of DVL is required for DVL-mediated downregulation of FZD. Fusion of the DEP domain to ZNRF3/RNF43 overcomes their DVL dependency to downregulate FZD. Our study reveals DVL as a dual function adaptor to recruit negative regulators ZNRF3/RNF43 to Wnt receptors to ensure proper control of pathway activity.
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