Joint decisions for R/M integrated supply chain using system dynamics methodology

In the remanufacturing/ manufacturing (R/M) integrated supply chain, the decisions of the manufacturer, the wholesaler, the retailer, the parts producer, the raw materials supplier, the collector, and the disassembly centre are interactional. In this paper, a system dynamics model is proposed to examine the long-term behaviour of the R/M integrated supply chain with reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling. The optimal decision sets of the remanufacturing ratio and the setup period of remanufacturing (r) are given, the joint decisions of all members of R/M integrated supply chain under optimal r are presented by the simulation results, and the impacts of optimal r on the joint decisions are analysed.