Solubility and pKa determination of six structurally related phenothiazines

Solubilities of six structurally related phenothiazines, namely chlorpromazine hydrochloride, fluphenazine dihydrochloride, promazine hydrochloride, thioridazine hydrochloride, trifluoperazine dihydrochloride, and triflupromazine hydrochloride at constant pH were measured in the temperature range from 290 K to 350 K in three important drugs solvents: water, ethanol and 1-octanol using the dynamic method and UV-vis method. Dissociation constants and corresponding pK(a) values of drugs were obtained with Bates-Schwarzenbach method at temperature 298.15 K in the buffer solutions. Our experimental pK(a) values for chlorpromazine hydrochloride, fluphenazine dihydrochloride, promazine hydrochloride, thioridazine hydrochloride, trifluoperazine dihydrochloride, and triflupromazine hydrochloride are 9.15, 10.01, 9.37, 8.89, 8.97, and 9.03, respectively. The basic thermal properties of pure drugs i.e. melting and solid-solid phase transition as well as glass-transition temperatures, the enthalpy of melting and phase transitions and the molar heat capacity at glass transition (at constant pressure) were measured with differential scanning microcalorimetry (DSC) technique. Molar volumes were calculated with Barton group contribution method. The experimental solubility data were correlated by means of three commonly known G(E) equations: the Wilson. NRTL and UNIQUAC with the assumption that the systems studied here have revealed simple eutectic mixtures. The root-mean-square deviations of temperature were used for the precision of the correlation. The activity coefficients of drugs at saturated solutions in each correlated binary mixture were calculated from the experimental data. These new data will help in all prediction-methods and their precision. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.