Zerumbone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: preparation, characterization, and antileukemic effect

Zerumbone, a natural dietary lipophilic compound with low water solubility (1.296 mg/L at 25 degrees C) was used in this investigation. The zerumbone was loaded into nanostructured lipid carriers using a hot, high-pressure homogenization technique. The physicochemical properties of the zerumbone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ZER-NLC) were determined. The ZER-NLC particles had an average size of 52.68 +/- 0.1 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.29 +/- 0.004 mu m. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the particles were spherical in shape. The zeta potential of the ZER-NLC was -25.03 +/- 1.24 mV, entrapment efficiency was 99.03%, and drug loading was 7.92%. In vitro drug release of zerumbone from ZER-NLC was 46.7%, and for a pure zerumbone dispersion was 90.5% over 48 hours, following a zero equation. Using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Jurkat) cells, the half maximal inhibitory - concentration (IC50) of ZER-NLC was 5.64 +/- 0.38 mu g/mL, and for free zerumbone was 5.39 +/- 0.43 mu g/mL after 72 hours of treatment. This study strongly suggests that ZER-NLC have potential as a sustained-release drug carrier system for the treatment of leukemia.