期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
卷 39, 期 20, 页码 10564-10584出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.04.200
关键词
Cryo-compressed; Sorbents; Cryogenic hydrogen onboard storage; Dormancy; Pressure vessel design
资金
- U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
- DOE, Office of Fuel Cell Technologies
- U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
- Boeing Company via the Boeing/Sandia CRADA [SCO211651.14.00]
- Natural Science and Engineering Research Council's (NSERC) H2Can Strategic Network
- NSERC Strategic Network Enhancement Initiative program
While conventional low-pressure LH2 dewars have existed for decades, advanced methods of cryogenic hydrogen storage have recently been developed. These advanced methods are cryo-compression and cryo-adsorption hydrogen storage, which operate best in the temperature range 30-100 K. We present a comparative analysis of both approaches for cryogenic hydrogen storage, examining how pressure and/or sorbent materials are used to effectively increase onboard H-2 density and dormancy. We start by reviewing some basic aspects of LH2 properties and conventional means of storing it. From there we describe the cryo-compression and cryo-adsorption hydrogen storage methods, and then explore the relationship between them, clarifying the materials science and physics of the two approaches in trying to solve the same hydrogen storage task (similar to 5-8 kg H-2, typical of light duty vehicles). Assuming that the balance of plant and the available volume for the storage system in the vehicle are identical for both approaches, the comparison focuses on how the respective storage capacities, vessel weight and dormancy vary as a function of temperature, pressure and type of cryo-adsorption material (especially, powder MOP-5 and MIL-101). By performing a comparative analysis, we clarify the science of each approach individually, identify the regimes where the attributes of each can be maximized, elucidate the properties of these systems during refueling, and probe the possible benefits of a combined hybrid system with both cryo-adsorption and cryo-compression phenomena operating at the same time. In addition the relationships found between onboard H-2 capacity, pressure vessel and/or sorbent mass and dormancy as a function of rated pressure, type of sorbent material and fueling conditions are useful as general designing guidelines in future engineering efforts using these two hydrogen storage approaches. Copyright (C) 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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