期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
卷 37, 期 2, 页码 2037-2043出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.083
关键词
Hydrogen; Chemical looping; Reforming; Bio oils; Nickel; Reduction
资金
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/D078199/1, EP/G01244X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/D078199/1, EP/G01244X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
This study considers the feasibility of using highly oxygenated and volatile pyrolysis oils from biomass wastes as sustainable liquid fuels for conversion to a hydrogen-rich syngas using the chemical looping reforming process in a packed bed. Pine oil and palm empty fruit bunches oil- 'EFB'- were investigated with a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst doubling as oxygen transfer material (OTM). The effect of molar steam to carbon ratio (S/C) and weight hourly space velocity were investigated at 600 degrees C and atmospheric pressure on the fuel and steam conversion, the H-2 yield and the H- and C-products distribution. With a downward fuel feed configuration and using a H-2-reduced catalyst, maximum averaged fuel conversions of similar to 97% for pine oil and 89% for EFB oil were achieved at S/C ratios of 2.3 and 2.6 respectively (on a water-free oil basis). This produced H-2 with a yield efficiency of approximately 60% for pine oil and 80% for EFB oil notwithstanding equilibrium limitations, and with little CH4 by-product. Both oils exhibited very similar outputs with varying S/C. Upon a short number of cycles, i.e. starting from an oil-reduced catalyst, the fuel conversion dropped slightly but the steam conversion was constant, resulting in a slow decrease in H-2 yield. Despite their high level of oxygen content, the pyrolysis oils were shown to maintain close to 90% reduction of the oxidised catalyst upon repeated cycles, but the rate of reduction decreased with cycling. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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