期刊
METROLOGIA
卷 52, 期 3, 页码 S3-S17出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/52/3/S3
关键词
nuclear counting; dead time; pulse pileup; radionuclide metrology; counting statistics
Nuclear counting is affected by pulse pileup and system dead time, which induce raterelated count loss and alter the statistical properties of the counting process. Fundamental equations are presented to predict deviations from Poisson statistics due to non-random count loss in nuclear counters and spectrometers. Throughput and dispersion of counts are studied for systems with pileup, extending and non-extending dead time, before and also after compensation for count loss. Equations are provided for random fractions of the output events, applicable to spectrometry applications. Methods for loss compensation are discussed, including inversion of the throughput equation, live-time counting and loss-free counting. Secondary effects in live-time counting are addressed: residual interference from pileup in systems with imposed dead times and errors due to varying count rate when measuring shortlived radionuclides.
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