Removal of industrial pollutant (Reactive Orange 122 dye) using environment-friendly sorbent Trapa bispinosa's peel and fruit

Removal of color water pollution due to Reactive Orange 122 dye was investigated using an inexpensive, locally available Trapa bispinosa. Fruit and peels of T. bispinosa biomass was used for this context in free, polyvinyl alcohol immobilized and chemically (H2O2) treated form. The aftermath of operational parameters such as pH (1.0-6.0), dye initial concentration (10-350 mg L-1) and contact time (0-1,440 min) was investigated for maximum removal of dye from aqueous solution. Analysis was performed on UV-Vis spectrophotometer before and after sorption phenomenon. Maximum uptake was observed at pH 1.0. Highest q (mg g(-1)) was shown by H2O2-treated T. bispinosa fruit (46.36) and H2O2-treated T. bispinosa fruit beads (43.00). The sorption rate was rapid in first 30 min, and equilibrium was established in 120 min. It was observed that best model was pseudo-second order, with correlation coefficient in the range of 0.987-1.00. Langmuir model effectively described the sorption data with X (m) and R (2) that were in good agreement with experimental q (mg g(-1)). Regeneration of the sorbent was done by performing desorption cycles, which made the method environment-friendly and more economical. Surface morphology and elemental analysis of a sample were carried out.