Optimum allocation of distributed generations based on nodal pricing for profit, loss reduction, and voltage improvement including voltage rise issue

The increased use of distributed generations in distribution network has changed its characteristics from passive to active. In the present scenario, it is relevant to consider the applicability of some similar pricing mechanism in distribution as transmission such as nodal pricing. This paper presents new methodology based on nodal pricing for optimally allocating distributed generation for profit, loss reduction, and voltage improvement including voltage rise phenomenon. The integration of DG in distribution network may create voltage rise problem in a weak distribution network. This paper addresses voltage rise issue. The studied are based on an existing Indian rural distribution network. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.