Expression of catalytic proteasome subunits in the gut of patients with Crohn's disease

Background and purpose Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B by proteasomes and subsequent nuclear translocation of cytoplasmatic complexes play a crucial role in the intestinal inflammation. Proteasomes have a pivotal function in NF-kappa B activation by mediating degradation of inhibitory I kappa B proteins and processing of NF-kappa B precursor proteins. This study aims to analyze the expression of the human proteasome subunits in colonic tissue of patients with Crohn's disease. Materials and methods Thirteen patients with Crohn's disease and 12 control patients were studied. The expression of immunoproteasomes and constitutive proteasomes was examined by Western blot analysis, immunoflourescence and quantitative real-time PCR. For real-time PCR, AK2C was used as housekeeping gene. Results The results indicate the influence of the intestinal inflammation on the expression of the proteasomes in Crohn's disease. Proteasomes from inflamed intestine of patients with Crohn's disease showed significantly increased expression of immunosubunits on both protein and mRNA levels. Especially, the replacement of the constitutive proteasome subunit beta 1 by inducible immunosubunit beta 1i was observed in patients with active Crohn's disease. In contrast, relatively low abundance of immunoproteasomes was found in control tissue. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that in contrast to normal colonic tissue, the expression of immunoproteasomes was evidently increased in the inflamed colonic mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease. Thus, the chronic intestinal inflammation process in Crohn's disease leads to significant alterations of proteasome subsets.