期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
卷 13, 期 4, 页码 287-297出版社
SPRINGER JAPAN KK
DOI: 10.1007/s10147-008-0812-0
关键词
bladder; molecular pathogenesis; genetics; pathways
类别
资金
- Cancer Research UK [C6228/A5433, C6228/A5569, C6228/A7995]
- AICR
Bladder tumors show widely differing histopathology and clinical behavior. This is reflected in the molecular genetic alterations they contain. Much information has accumulated on somatic genomic alterations in bladder tumors of all grades and stages and when this information is related to the common histopathological appearances, a model for the pathogenesis of two major groups of bladder tumors has emerged. This review summarizes the genetic alterations that have been reported in bladder cancer and relates these to the current two-pathway model for tumor development. The molecular pathogenesis of high-grade noninvasive papillary tumors and of T1 tumors is not yet clear and possibilities are discussed.
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