期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
卷 136, 期 6, 页码 E665-E676出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29175
关键词
pancreatic cancer; carotenoid; vitamin C; retinol; tocopherol
类别
资金
- European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate
- Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France)
- German Cancer Aid, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
- Danish Cancer Society (Denmark)
- Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health
- CIBER en Epidemiologica y Salud Publica (CIBERESP)
- ISCIII RETIC [RD06/0020]
- Spanish Regional Governments of Andalusia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia [6236]
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (Spain)
- Cancer Research UK
- Medical Research Council
- Stroke Association
- British Heart Foundation
- Department of Health
- Food Standards Agency
- Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom)
- Hellenic Health Foundation
- Stavros Niachros Foundation
- Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece)
- Italian Association for Research on Cancer, National Research Council (Italy)
- Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports
- Dutch Prevention Funds
- LK Research Funds
- Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland)
- World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)
- Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands)
- Swedish Cancer Society
- Swedish Scientific Council
- Regional Government of Skane (Sweden)
- Helga study-Nordforsk center of excellence programme in food and nutrition (Norway)
- Cancer Research UK [14136] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0401527, G1000143] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0512-10114] Funding Source: researchfish
Evidence of a protective effect of several antioxidants and other nutrients on pancreatic cancer risk is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association for prediagnostic plasma levels of carotenoids, vitamin C, retinol and tocopherols with risk of pancreatic cancer in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). 446 incident exocrine pancreatic cancer cases were matched to 446 controls by age at blood collection, study center, sex, date and time of blood collection, fasting status and hormone use. Plasma carotenoids (- and -carotene, lycopene, -cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein), - and -tocopherol and retinol were measured by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography and plasma vitamin C by a colorimetric assay. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for pancreatic cancer risk were estimated using a conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted for smoking status, smoking duration and intensity, waist circumference, cotinine levels and diabetes status. Inverse associations with pancreatic cancer risk were found for plasma -carotene (IRR highest vs. lowest quartile 0.52, 95%CI 0.31-0.88, p for trend=0.02), zeaxanthin (IRR highest vs. lowest quartile 0.53, 95%CI 0.30-0.94, p for trend=0.06) and -tocopherol (IRR highest vs. lowest quartile 0.62, 95%CI 0.39-0.99, p for trend=0.08. For - and -carotene, lutein, sum of carotenoids and -tocopherol, heterogeneity between geographical regions was observed. In conclusion, our results show that higher plasma concentrations of -carotene, zeaxanthin and -tocopherol may be inversely associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, but further studies are warranted. What's new? Fruits and vegetables may play a role in the prevention of pancreatic cancer, but associations between the antioxidants those foods contain and disease risk remain unclear. In this study, pancreatic cancer risk was inversely associated with increased prediagnostic plasma concentrations of the antioxidants -carotene, zeaxanthin, and -tocopherol. Geographic variations were also detected. In Northern European countries, inverse associations with risk were found for blood levels of several carotenoids, whereas the association was strongest for -tocopherol in Southern European countries. The role of carotenoids and vitamins should be considered in subsequent investigations of the etiology of pancreatic cancer.
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