Attenuated thermoregulatory responses with increased plasma osmolality in obese subjects during two seasons

Obese subjects may be more vulnerable to injury from heat stress, and appear to be less efficient at thermoregulation. Sweat rate, tympanic temperature and osmolality in obese subjects were investigated in Japan during two seasons. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between obesity, thermoregulatory response and season. Five obese (BMI, 32.0 +/- 4.9 kg/m(2)) and five non-obese (BMI, 23.2 +/- 2.9 kg/m(2)) men participated in this experiment at latitude 35A degrees 10' N and longitude 136A degrees 57.9'E. The average atmospheric temperature was 29.1 A +/- 1.0 A degrees C in summer and 3.3 A +/- 1.4 A degrees C in winter. Tympanic temperature and sweat rate were measured during leg water immersion at 42 A degrees C for 30 min. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma osmolality. The relationship between tympanic temperature and sweat rate decreased significantly in obese compared to in non-obese subjects in both seasons, there being a lowered sweat rate for any core temperature in obese subjects. Plasma osmolality was significantly higher in obese than in non-obese subjects in both seasons. Thermal sensation increased significantly in non-obese than in obese in winter but not in summer. Our data show that thermoregulatory responses are attenuated in obese subjects compared with controls, suggesting that obese people are at increased risk of heat-related illnesses.