Pancreatic acinar cells: Molecular insight from studies of signal-transduction using transgenic animals

Pancreatic acinar cells are classical exocrine gland cells. The apical regions of clusters of coupled acinar cells collectively form a lumen which constitutes the blind end of a tube created by ductal cells - a structure reminiscent of a bunch of grapes. When activated by neural or hormonal secretagogues, pancreatic acinar cells are stimulated to secrete a variety of proteins. These proteins are predominately inactive digestive enzyme precursors called zymogens. Acinar cell secretion is absolutely dependent on secretagogue-induced increases in intracellular free Ca2+. The increase in [Ca2+](i) has precise temporal and spatial characteristics as a result of the exquisite regulation of the proteins responsible for Ca2+ release, Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ clearance in the acinar cell. This brief review discusses recent studies in which transgenic animal models have been utilized to define in molecular detail the components of the Ca2+ signaling machinery which contribute to these characteristics. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.