Hyperelastic modelling of small-strain stiffness anisotropy of cyclically loaded sand

Experimental evidence shows that soil stiffness at very small strains a strongly anisotropic and depends on the stress level and void ratio. In particular, stiffness anisotropy varies considerably in sand when subjected to cyclic loading, following the stress cycles applied. A model this behaviour, an innovative hyperelastic formulation based on the elastoplastic coupling is incorporated in a new kinematic hardening elastoplastic model. The proposed hyperelaslic-plastic model is the first to be capable of correctly simulating all aspects of the small-strain behaviour of granular materials subjected to monotonic and cyclic loads. This hyperelastic formulation is generally applicable to any elastoplastic model Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd