Biocompatibility of BioAggregate and mineral trioxide aggregate on the liver and kidney

Aim To investigate and compare the systemic toxic effect of DiaRoot BioAggregate and grey ProRoot Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the liver and kidney after 7 and 30 days. Methodology Forty-two white albino rats were divided into two main groups. Group (1), considered the control group (n = 18), was further divided into two subgroups. The negative control subgroup (n = 6) received no treatment. The empty tube subgroup (n = 12) received empty sterile Teflon tubes. In Group (2), considered the experimental group (n = 24), the rats were divided equally into two subgroups. One subgroup received MTA, whilst the other received BioAggregate. The materials in the Teflon tubes were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal side of the rats. Blood samples were taken to investigate the change of kidney and liver functions on day 7 and day 30. The liver and kidney organs were subjected to histopathological examination and calculation of the number of inflammatory cells. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc multiple comparisons with the Tukey's test. Student's t-test was used to compare the changes in liver and kidney functions amongst the groups. Results On day 7, a significantly more severe inflammatory reaction was observed in both experimental subgroups compared with the control (P < 0.05); the severity decreased after 30 days. The kidney functions were not affected after 7 days but had subsequently increased after 30 days (P < 0.001). Liver functions increased after 7 days and had decreased in the BioAggregate subgroup after 30 days, whilst in the MTA subgroup, a continuous increase in the level of liver function was observed. Conclusions Mineral trioxide aggregate had adverse effects on the liver and kidney that were significantly more severe than BioAggregate but with no permanent damage.