期刊
INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY
卷 5, 期 2, 页码 95-100出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00142.x
关键词
Conservation; endangered biological phenomenon; habitat; Lepidoptera; migration; monitoring
资金
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0949650] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
. 1. During the 20092010 overwintering season and following a 15-year downward trend, the total area in Mexico occupied by the eastern North American population of overwintering monarch butterflies reached an all-time low. Despite an increase, it remained low in 20102011. 2. Although the data set is small, the decline in abundance is statistically significant using both linear and exponential regression models. 3. Three factors appear to have contributed to reduce monarch abundance: degradation of the forest in the overwintering areas; the loss of breeding habitat in the United States due to the expansion ofGM herbicide-resistant crops, with consequent loss of milkweed host plants, as well as continued land development; and severe weather. 4. This decline calls into question the long-term survival of the monarchs' migratory phenomenon.
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