期刊
MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS
卷 37, 期 3, 页码 257-264出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.01.010
关键词
Flowmeter; Artificial ventilation; Fleisch pneumotachograph; Hot wire anemometry; Orifice meter; Ultrasonic flowmeter; Fiber optic sensor; Micromachined sensor
Accurate monitoring of flow rate and volume exchanges is essential to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury. Mechanical ventilators employ flowmeters to estimate the amount of gases delivered to patients and use the flow signal as a feedback to adjust the desired amount of gas to be delivered. Since flowmeters play a crucial role in this field, they are required to fulfill strict criteria in terms of dynamic and static characteristics. Therefore, mechanical ventilators are equipped with only the following kinds of flowmeters: linear pneumotachographs, fixed and variable orifice meters, hot wire anemometers, and ultrasonic flowmeters. This paper provides an overview of these sensors. Their working principles are described together with their relevant advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the most promising emerging approaches for flowmeters design (i.e., fiber optic technology and three dimensional micro-fabrication) are briefly reviewed showing their potential for this application. (C) 2015 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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