期刊
INNATE IMMUNITY
卷 16, 期 3, 页码 151-159出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/1753425910365734
关键词
defensins; cathelicidins; LL-37; lung immunity
资金
- NIH [HL069031, AI083222]
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL069031] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [P01AI083222] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Defensins were first identified in 1985 and are now recognized as part of a large family of antimicrobial peptides, divided into three categories: alpha-, beta-, and theta-defensins. These defensin classes differ in structure, sites of expression and biological activities. Human alpha-defensins include peptides that are expressed primarily in neutrophils, whereas human beta-defensins are widely expressed in epithelial cells, including those lining the respiratory tract. Defensins were first studied for their broad spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses; however, it is now clear that they also recruit inflammatory cells and promote innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent evidence shows that defensins have anti-inflammatory effects as well. Hence, defensins can participate in all phases of an immune response in the lung, including initial killing of pathogens and mounting -and resolution -of an immune or inflammatory response. The cathelicidin, LL-37, is an antimicrobial peptide produced by neutrophils and respiratory epithelial cells that has similar roles in lung immunity as the defensins. A major challenge for the coming years will be to sort out the relative contributions of defensins and LL-37 to overall immune responses in the lung and to determine which of their many in vitro activities are most important for lung immunity.
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