期刊
INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
卷 26, 期 11, 页码 651-667出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.925523
关键词
Air pollution; coal emissions; diesel exhaust; gasoline exhaust; inhalation; wood smoke
类别
资金
- National Environmental Respiratory Center - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Research and Development)
- U.S. Department of Transportation (Federal Highways Administration)
- California Air Resources Board
- U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Freedom Car and Vehicle Technologies)
- U.S. Department of Energy (National Energy Technology Laboratory)
The NERC Program conducted identically designed exposure-response studies of the respiratory and cardiovascular responses of rodents exposed by inhalation for up to 6 months to diesel and gasoline exhausts (DE, GE), wood smoke (WS) and simulated downwind coal emissions (CE). Concentrations of the four combustion-derived mixtures ranged from near upper bound plausible to common occupational and environmental hotspot levels. An exposure effect statistic was created to compare the strengths of exposure-response relationships and adjustments were made to minimize false positives among the large number of comparisons. All four exposures caused statistically significant effects. No exposure caused overt illness, neutrophilic lung inflammation, increased circulating micronuclei or histopathology of major organs visible by light microscopy. DE and GE caused the greatest lung cytotoxicity. WS elicited the most responses in lung lavage fluid. All exposures reduced oxidant production by unstimulated alveolar macrophages, but only GE suppressed stimulated macrophages. Only DE retarded clearance of bacteria from the lung. DE before antigen challenge suppressed responses of allergic mice. CE tended to amplify allergic responses regardless of exposure order. GE and DE induced oxidant stress and pro-atherosclerotic responses in aorta; WS and CE had no such effects. No overall ranking of toxicity was plausible. The ranking of exposures by number of significant responses varied among the response models, with each of the four causing the most responses for at least one model. Each exposure could also be deemed most or least toxic depending on the exposure metric used for comparison. The database is available for additional analyses.
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