Fuel properties, performance testing and economic feasibility of Raphanus sativus (oilseed radish) biodiesel

Oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus) was identified as a potential cool season cover and energy crop for the southern United States. The fatty acid profile of this oil shows high levels of erucic acid (C22:1), which has been linked to health issues. Its composition makes this oil an ideal candidate for industrial application as its use as feed or food is limited. Oilseed radish oil was extracted from seed using mechanical methods and yields were determined. The extracted oil was converted to fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) via transesterification. Fuel properties were analyzed including fatty acid profile, free and total glycerol, acid number, sulfur content, water content and cold filter plugging point (CFPP). Fuel properties of the biodiesel were found to meet or exceed ASTM standards for use in on-road vehicles. Biodiesel fuel produced here was also subjected to an engine performance stress test. The properties and engine performance of oilseed radish biodiesel were shown to be comparable with No. 2 diesel and other common biodiesel fuels. Additionally, a brief engineering based feasibility analysis was performed on the economics of on-farm production of biodiesel from oilseed radish. The analysis suggested economic feasibility of the system when priced against soybean oil, a common biodiesel feedstock. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.