期刊
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
卷 36, 期 1, 页码 607-613出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.11.005
关键词
Nano-emulsion; Glyphosate isopropylamine; Alkylpolyglucosides; Pesticide formulations; Low-energy emulsification
资金
- Graduate Research Fellowship (GRF)
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
- Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) [03-01-04-SF0090]
A nano-emulsion system was developed for pesticide formulation. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed consisting emulsion system of long-chain fatty acid methyl esters (LFAMEs)/mixed surfactant/water and a quarternary component, glyphosate isopropylamine (IPA) as a herbicide active. Isotropic (L) regions were formed in the phase diagrams using mixed surfactant long-chain alkylpolyglucosides (LAPG) and ethoxylated 3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-heptamethyltrisiloxane (organosilicone) at the ratios of 9:1,8:2 and 7:3. Pre-formulation concentrates were chosen from the L regions with less than 20% (w/w) of inerts (LFAMEs + mixed surfactant) and were characterized with regard to particle size, particle aging rate and thermostability study. A pre-formulation concentrate with the lowest aging rate and stable at high temperature (54 degrees C) was selected for the mechanisms study of the pre-formulation concentrate in conjunction with the development of nano-emulsion formulation. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) result showed that the pre-formulation concentrate appeared as a polymerized multi-connected network. Upon water dilution of the pre-formulation concentrate with gentle stirring (low-energy emulsification method), well-dispersed nanoparticles were formed with no needle structure being observed. The nano-emulsion particles were incorporated well with the glyphosate IPA thus inferring that this nano-emulsion system could ameliorate the bioactivity and bioavailability of the herbicide. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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