Global DNA Methylation in Neonatal Sepsis

Objective To find out whether gDNA methylation can be used as a diagnostic/prognostic method for neonatal sepsis. Methods The study was conducted in the neonatal division of a tertiary care referral hospital. Fifty one newborns as cases and thirty seven newborns as controls were enrolled in the study. Using 5-mC DNA ELISA method, the percentage of genomic DNA methylated in these newborns was established. Results Highly significant difference in percentage of gDNA methylated was found between the cases and controls (Cases: 2.4+/-0.39; Controls: 2.07+/-0.35; P< 0.0001). Culture proven and possible cases were also significantly distinguishable (P< 0.05). No significant differences in methylation were observed in terms of gestational age, birth weight and outcomes such shock, thrombocytopenia, except for renal failure. Conclusions The index results showed that genomic DNA methylation varies significantly among newborns with sepsis (clinical, probable and culture positive) and without sepsis. Although the global DNA methylation was not a highly sensitive diagnostic method, this study reveals that DNA methylation might play a vital role in neonatal sepsis susceptibility. Identification of the specific differentially methylated genes might serve as a promising future diagnostic/prognostic marker for neonatal sepsis.