期刊
IMMUNOTHERAPY
卷 6, 期 5, 页码 597-610出版社
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/IMT.14.38
关键词
abscopal effect; annexin A5; dendritic cell; heat shock protein 70; high-mobility group box protein 1; immunogenic tumor cell death; immunotherapy; radiotherapy; survivin; vaccination
类别
资金
- German Research Foundation (DFG-Graduiertenkolleg 1660) [GA 1507/1-1]
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [16EX1021R, 02NUK017G, 03NUK007E, 01EX1021C, 01GU0823, 02NUK24C]
- European Commissions (DoReMi, European Atomic Energy Community) [249689]
- German Research Foundation [SFB824/2, INST95/980-1FUGG, SFB914]
- Excellence Cluster Munich Advanced Photonics (MAP2)
- European Commission [FP7-249689]
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01ES0808, 02NUK017F, 16EX1021J]
- German Research Foundation (Graduate school 1657)
Besides the direct, targeted effects of ionizing irradiation (x-ray) on cancer cells, namely DNA damage and cell death induction, indirect, nontargeted ones exist, which are mediated in large part by the immune system. Immunogenic forms of tumor cell death induced by x-ray, including immune modulating danger signals like the heat shock protein 70, adenosine triphosphate, and high-mobility group box 1 protein are presented. Further, antitumor effects exerted by cells of the innate (natural killer cells) as well as adaptive immune system (T cells activated by dendritic cells) are outlined. Tumor cell death inhibiting molecules such as survivin are introduced as suitable target for molecularly tailored therapies in combination with x-ray. Finally, reasonable combinations of immune therapies with radiotherapy are discussed.
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