CD3bright signals on γδ T cells identify IL-17A-producing Vγ6Vδ1+ T cells

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has an important role at mucosal sites in a wide range of immune responses including infection, allergy and auto-immunity. gamma delta T cells are recognized as IL-17 producers, but based on the level of CD3 expression, we now define the remarkable ability of a CD3(bright) gamma delta T-cell subset with an effector memory phenotype to rapidly produce IL-17A, but not interferon-gamma. CD3(bright) gamma delta T cells uniformly express the canonical germline encoded V gamma 6/V delta 1(+) T-cell receptor. They are widely distributed with a preferential representation in the lungs and skin are negatively impacted in the absence of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gammat expression or endogenous flora. This population responded rapidly to various stimuli in a mechanism involving IL-23 and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome- dependent IL-1 beta. Finally, we demonstrated that IL-17-producing CD3(bright) gamma delta T cells responded promptly and strongly to pneumococcal infection and during skin inflammation. Here, we propose a new way to specifically analyze IL-17-producing V gamma 6/V delta 1(+) T cells based on the level of CD3 signals. Using this gating strategy, our data reinforce the crucial role of this gamma delta T-cell subset in respiratory and skin disorders.