Contributions of dendritic cells and macrophages to intestinal homeostasis and immune defense

Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes have collectively emerged as key players in the maintenance of gut homeostasis, the development of gut inflammation and its resolution. Moreover, recent intense research efforts of many laboratories have revealed evidence for critical labor division between lamina propria-resident CD103(+) dendritic cells and CX3CR1(+) macrophages. In depth understanding of the respective activities of these cells in the mucosal landscape might pave the way for novel treatments of inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD). Immunology and Cell Biology (2013) 91, 232-239; doi:10.1038/icb.2012.79; published online 12 February 2013