期刊
IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH
卷 57, 期 1-3, 页码 185-196出版社
HUMANA PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8436-5
关键词
Islet transplantation; MicroRNA; Autoimmunity; Rejection; Engraftment; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Neovascularization; Bioengineering; Tissue engineering; Implantable device; Diabetes; Type 1 diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Cell transplantation; Cellular therapies; Transplant microenvironment; Biomarker; Molecular target; Bioinformatics
类别
资金
- American Diabetes Association [7-13-IN-32]
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International [17-2012-361, 17-2010-5, 4-2008-811, 4-2004-361]
- Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
- National Institutes of Health [5U19AI050864-10, U01DK089538, 5U42RR016603-08S1, 1U01DK70460-02, 5R01DK25802-24, 5R01DK56953-05]
- University of Miami Interdisciplinary Research Development Initiative
- Karasik Foundation
- Peacock Foundation
- American Diabetes Association
- Diabetes Research Institute Foundation
- Converge Biotech
The ultimate goal of diabetes therapy is the restoration of physiologic metabolic control. For type 1 diabetes, research efforts are focused on the prevention or early intervention to halt the autoimmune process and preserve beta cell function. Replacement of pancreatic beta cells via islet transplantation reestablishes physiologic beta cell function in patients with diabetes. Emerging research shows that microRNAs (miRNAs), noncoding small RNA molecules produced by a newly discovered class of genes, negatively regulate gene expression. MiRNAs recognize and bind to partially complementary sequences of target messenger RNA (mRNA), regulating mRNA translation and affecting gene expression. Correlation between miRNA signatures and genome-wide RNA expression allows identification of multiple miRNA-mRNA pairs in biological processes. Because miRNAs target functionally related genes, they represent an exciting and indispensable approach for biomarkers and drug discovery. We are studying the role of miRNA in the context of islet immunobiology. Our research aims at understanding the mechanisms underlying pancreatic beta cell loss and developing clinically relevant approaches for preservation and restoration of beta cell function to treat insulin-dependent diabetes. Herein, we discuss some of our recent efforts related to the study of miRNA in islet inflammation and islet engraftment. Our working hypothesis is that modulation of the expression of specific microRNAs in the transplant microenvironment will be of assistance in enhancing islet engraftment and promoting long-term function.
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