期刊
IMMUNITY
卷 38, 期 6, 页码 1187-1197出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.02.024
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资金
- Programme for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry
- Kikkoman Co.
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23390124, 25460585] Funding Source: KAKEN
The small intestine harbors a substantial number of commensal bacteria and is sporadically invaded by pathogens, but the response to these microorganisms is fundamentally different. We identified a discriminatory sensor by using Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of one major commensal species, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), triggered interferon-beta (IFN-beta) production, which protected mice from experimental colitis. The LABinduced IFN-beta response was diminished by dsRNA digestion and treatment with endosomal inhibitors. Pathogenic bacteria contained less dsRNA and induced much less IFN-beta than LAB, and dsRNA was not involved in pathogen-induced IFN-beta induction. These results identify TLR3 as a sensor to small intestinal commensal bacteria and suggest that dsRNA in commensal bacteria contributes to anti-inflammatory and protective immune responses.
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