期刊
DNA HABITATS AND THEIR RNA INHABITANTS
卷 1341, 期 -, 页码 115-125出版社
BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12713
关键词
RNA editing; DNA editing; ADAR; APOBEC; genome evolution; retrotransposons
资金
- European Research Council [311257]
- I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee in Israel [41/11, 1796/12]
- European Research Council (ERC) [311257] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
Genome evolution is commonly viewed as a gradual process that is driven by random mutations that accumulate over time. However, DNA- and RNA-editing enzymes have been identified that can accelerate evolution by actively modifying the genomically encoded information. The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzymes, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBECs) are potent restriction factors that can inhibit retroelements by cytosine-to-uridine editing of retroelement DNA after reverse transcription. In some cases, a retroelement may successfully integrate into the genome despite being hypermutated. Such events introduce unique sequences into the genome and are thus a source of genomic innovation. adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) catalyze adenosine-to-inosine editing in double-stranded RNA, commonly formed by oppositely oriented retroelements. The RNA editing confers plasticity to the transcriptome by generating many transcript variants from a single genomic locus. If the editing produces a beneficial variant, the genome may maintain the locus that produces the RNA-edited transcript for its novel function. Here, we discuss how these two powerful editing mechanisms, which both target inserted retroelements, facilitate expedited genome evolution.
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