期刊
MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
卷 32, 期 2, 页码 423-451出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mms.12263
关键词
Eubalaena australis; Peninsula Valdes; calf mortality; Pseudo-nitzschia spp; Alexandrium tamarense; PSTs; DA; SeaWiFS; MODIS; toxins; harmful algal blooms
资金
- Office of Protected Resources of the US National Marine Fisheries Service
- National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [DG133F-02-SE-0901, DG-133F-06-SE-5823, DG133F07SE4651]
- U.S. Marine Mammal Commission [E4047315, E4061768]
- National Agency for Science and Technology Promotion of Argentina (ANPCYT) [2096, 3091]
- Ocean Foundation
- Island Foundation Inc.
- Pacific Life Foundation
- Lawrence Foundation
- Research and Education Opportunities International (CREOI) grant
- Wildlife Conservation Society
- Ocean Alliance
Peninsula Valdes (PV) in Argentina is an important calving ground for southern right whales (SRWs, Eubalaena australis). Since 2005, right whale mortality has increased at PV, with most of the deaths (similar to 90%) being calves <3 mo old. We investigated the potential involvement of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in these deaths by examining data that include: timing of the SRW deaths, biotoxins in samples from dead SRWs, abundances of the diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia spp., and the dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense, shellfish harvesting closure dates, seasonal availability of whale prey at PV and satellite chlorophyll data. Evidence of the whales' exposure to HAB toxins includes trace levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and domoic acid (DA) in tissues of some dead whales, and fragments of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. frustules in whale feces. Additionally, whales are present at PV during both closures of the shellfish industry (due to high levels of PSTs) and periods with high levels of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and A. tamarense. There is a positive statistical relationship between monthly Pseudo-nitzschia densities (but not A. tamarense) and calf deaths in both gulfs of PV.
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