Hybrid Fractal Shape Planar Monopole Antenna Covering Multiband Wireless Communications With MIMO Implementation for Handheld Mobile Devices

A hybrid fractal shape planar monopole antenna covering multiple wireless communication bands is presented for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) implementation for handheld mobile devices. The proposed structure is the combination of Minkowski island curve and Koch curve fractals. It is placed with edge to edge separation of 0.16 lambda(0) at 1.75 GHz. The T-shape strip is inserted and rectangular slot is etched at top side of ground plane, respectively to improve the impedance matching and isolation between the antennas. A measured impedance matching fractional bandwidths (S-11 <= -10 dB) are 14% from 1.65 GHz to 1.9 GHz for the band 1 and 80% from 2.68 GHz to 6.25 GHz for the band 2. Acceptable agreement is obtained between the simulated and measured antenna performance parameters. These characteristics demonstrate that the proposed antenna is an attractive candidate for handheld mobile devices.