期刊
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
卷 13, 期 6, 页码 267-287出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/lom3.10024
关键词
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资金
- UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso [N-9037]
- COST Action (PERGAMON) [ES0902]
- ERASMUS Mundus program of the EU (grant VECCEU)
- Becas de doctorado en el extranjero, BECAS CHILE: CONICYT PAI/INDUSTRIA program of the Chilean government [79090016]
- Norwegian Research Council [223259]
Quantifying marine methane fluxes of free gas (bubbles) from the seafloor into the water column is of importance for climate related studies, for example, in the Arctic, reliable methodologies are also of interest for studying man-made gas and oil leakage systems at hydrocarbon production sites. Hydroacoustic surveys with singlebeam and nowadays also multibeam systems have been proven to be a successful approach to detect bubble release from the seabed. A number of publications used singlebeam echosounder data to indirectly quantify free gas fluxes via empirical correlations between gas fluxes observed at the seafloor and the hydroacoustic response. Others utilize the hydroacoustic information in an inverse modeling approach to derive bubble fluxes. Here, we present an advanced methodology using data from splitbeam echosounder systems for analyzing gas release water depth (> 100m). We introduce a new MATLAB-based software for processing and interactively editing data and we present how bubble-size distribution, bubble rising speed and the model used for calculating the backscatter response of single bubbles influence the final gas flow rate calculations. As a result, we highlight the need for further investigations on how large, wobbly bubbles, bubble clouds, and multi-scattering influence target strength. The results emphasize that detailed studies of bubble-size distributions and rising speeds need to be performed in parallel to hydroacoustic surveys to achieve realistic mediated methane flow rate and flux quantifications.
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