期刊
HYDROLOGY RESEARCH
卷 44, 期 4, 页码 600-613出版社
IWA PUBLISHING
DOI: 10.2166/nh.2012.182
关键词
ground-penetrating radar; liquid water content; path-dependent attenuation; radar wave propagation velocity; snow water equivalent; wet snow
资金
- Swedish Hydropower Centre (SVC)
- Swedish Energy Agency
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Uppsala University
Estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) with ground-penetrating radar can be used to calibrate and validate measurements of SWE over large areas conducted from satellites and aircrafts. However, such radar estimates typically suffer from low accuracy in wet snowpacks due to a built-in assumption of dry snow. To remedy the problem, we suggest determining liquid water content from path-dependent attenuation. We present the results of a field evaluation of this method which demonstrate that, in a wet snowpack between 0.9 and 3 m deep and with about 5 vol% of liquid water, liquid water content is underestimated by about 50% (on average). Nevertheless, the method decreases the mean error in SWE estimates to 16% compared to 34% when the presence of liquid water in snow is ignored and 31% when SWE is determined directly from two-way travel time and calibrated for manually measured snow density.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据