期刊
HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
卷 17, 期 1, 页码 229-246出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10040-008-0380-4
关键词
Ecohydrology; Groundwater dependent ecosystem; USA; Water table; Wetland
资金
- National Science Foundation [CBET-0729838, EAR-0337393]
- National Park Service, University of California-Center for Water Resources [WR995]
- USDA US Geologic Survey [06HQGR0074]
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation [2001-16376]
- University of California-John Muir Institute of the Environment-Environmental
Meadows of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains of California, USA, support diverse and highly productive wet-meadow vegetation dominated by sedges, rushes, grasses, and other herbaceous species. These groundwater-dependent ecosystems rely on the persistence of a shallow water table throughout the dry summer. Case studies of Bear Creek, Last Chance, and Tuolumne meadow ecosystems are used to create a conceptual framework describing groundwater-ecosystem connections in this environment. The water requirements for wet-meadow vegetation at each site are represented as a water-table-depth hydrograph; however, these hydrographs were found to vary among sites. Causes of this variation include ( 1) differences in soil texture, which govern capillary effects and availability of vadose water and ( 2) elevation-controlled differences in climate that affect the phenology of the vegetation. The field observations show that spatial variation of water-table depth exerts strong control on vegetation composition and spatial patterning. Groundwater-flow modeling demonstrates that lower hydraulic-conductivity meadow sediments, higher groundwater-inflow rates, and a higher ratio of lateral to basal-groundwater inflow all encourage the persistence of a high water table and wet-meadow vegetation, particularly at the margin of the meadow, even in cases with moderate stream incision.
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