期刊
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
卷 21, 期 21, 页码 4805-4815出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds304
关键词
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资金
- Wellcome Trust [076113, 098051]
- NIH [N01-AG-1-2100, LM010098, HL65234, HL67466, RR018787]
- NIA Intramural Research Program, Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association)
- Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HHSN26820 1100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN26820 1100010C, HHSN268201100011C, HHSN2682011 00012C, R01HL087641, R01HL59367, R01HL086694]
- National Human Genome Research Institute [U01HG004402]
- National Institutes of Health [HHSN268200625226C]
- National Institutes of Health and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research [UL1RR025005]
- Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging
- MedStar Research Institute
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss National Science Foundation [33CSCO-122661]
- Medical Research Council (UK)
- Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sports research [108-1080315-0302]
- Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sports [108-1080315-0302]
- European Commission [LSHG-CT-2006-018947]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [MTM2008-02457]
- Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias [97/0035-01, 99/0034-01, 99/0034-02]
- Hospital Universitario de Albacete
- Consejeria de Sanidad
- FWO (Fund for Scientific Research) [G.0402.00]
- University of Antwerp
- Flemish Health Ministry
- Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR), Public Health Service [R01 HL62633-01]
- Consell Interdepartamental de Recerca i Innovacio Tecnologica (CIRIT) [1999SGR 00241]
- Red Respira Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
- FP7 programs (ENGAGE, OPENGENE)
- Estonian Government [SF0180142s08]
- Estonian Research Roadmap through Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, Center of Excellence in Genomics (EXCEGEN)
- University of Tartu [SP1GVARENG]
- Estonian Science Foundation [EstSF ETF9353]
- European Community [HEALTH-F4-2007-201413]
- Medical Research Council UK
- Cancer Research UK
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- EU [LSHM-CT-2006-037593]
- ENGAGE [201413]
- CARDomics [01KU0908A]
- DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum fur Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung - German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)
- BMBF (German Ministry of Education and Research)
- U.S. National Institute on Aging [263 MD 9164, 263 MD 821336, N.1-AG-1-1, N.1-AG-1-2111, N01-AG-5-0002]
- Intramural research program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship [092447/Z/10/Z]
- Regione FVG [L.26.2008]
- Compagnia di San Paolo, Torino, Italy
- Fondazione Cariplo, Italy
- Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzata and Telethon, Italy
- State of Bavaria
- German National Genome Research Network [NGFN-2, NGFNPlus: 01GS0823]
- Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health) as part of LMUinnovativ
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
- Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN) of the Foundation for the US National Institutes of Health
- GAIN
- NIMH [MH081802]
- Netherlands Heart Foundation [90.313, 86.083, 88.042, 2006B140, 2006T003]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [904-61-090]
- Genetics of individual differences in smoking initiation and persistence [NWO 985-10-002]
- Resolving cause and effect in the association between exercise and well-being [904-61-193]
- Twin family database for behaviour genomics studies [480-04-004]
- Twin research focusing on behaviour [400-05-717]
- Genetic determinants of risk behaviour in relation to alcohol use and alcohol use disorder [Addiction-31160008]
- Genotype/phenotype database for behaviour genetic and genetic epidemiological studies [911-09-032]
- Spinozapremie [SPI 56-464-14192]
- CMSB: Center for Medical Systems Biology (NWO Genomics)
- BBMRI -NL: Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure
- VU University
- Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+) and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA)
- European Science Foundation (ESF): Genomewide analyses of European twin and population cohorts [EU/QLRT-2001-01254]
- European Community's Seventh Framework Program [HEALTH-F4-2007-201413]
- European Science Council (ERC) Genetics of Mental Illness [230374]
- Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository cooperative agreement [NIMH U24 MH068457-06]
- Collaborative study of the genetics of DZ twinning [NIH R01D0042157-01A]
- Genetic Association Information Network
- Pfizer Inc.
- Affymetrix Inc.
- Abbott Laboratories
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO: MagW/ZonMW): Twin family database for behaviour genomics studies [480-04-004]
- Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government
- Royal Society
- European Union [LSHG-CT-2006-018947]
- Dutch Kidney Foundation [E033]
- EU project grant GENECURE [FP-6 LSHM CT 2006 037697]
- NWO VENI [91676170]
- Dutch Inter University Cardiology Institute Netherlands (ICIN)
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [241944, 339462, 389927, 389875, 389891, 389892, 389938, 442915, 442981, 496739, 552485, 552498]
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [A7960034, A79906588, A79801419, DP0770096, DP0212016, DP0343921]
- FP-5 GenomEUtwin Project [QLG2-CT-2002-01254]
- U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) [AA07535, AA10248, AA13320, AA13321, AA13326, AA14041, MH66206]
- Netherlands Scientific Organization [NWO 480-05-003]
- NHMRC [619667]
- ARC Future Fellowship [FT0991022, FT110100548]
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [403981, 003209]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-82893]
- Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research NWO Investments
- Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA)
- EC
- Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
- Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE)
- Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
- Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports
- European Commission (DG XII)
- Municipality of Rotterdam
- German Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technology
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research
- Ministry of Cultural Affairs
- Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania
- Greifswald Approach to Individualized Medicine (GANI_MED)
- Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany
- Federal State of Mecklenburg- West Pomerania
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research at the University of Leipzig
- German Diabetes Association
- BIF
- DHFD, Diabetes Hilfs-und Forschungsfonds Deutschland
- ENGAGE (European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium, the European Community
- European Community's Seventh Framework Programme
- European Union FP-5 GenomEUtwin Project
- Framework 6 Project EUroClot
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre
- Academy of Finland
- Social Insurance Institution of Finland
- University Hospital Medical
- Turku University Hospitals
- Finnish Foundation of Cardiovascular Research Emil Aaltonen Foundation
- Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation
- Unity Through Knowledge Fund CONNECTIVITY PROGRAM
- National Foundation for Science, Higher Education and Technological Development of the Republic of Croatia
- Australian Research Council [FT110100548] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
- Wellcome Trust [092447/Z/10/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
- MRC [MC_U127561128, MC_PC_U127561128, G1001799] Funding Source: UKRI
- Chief Scientist Office [CZB/4/710] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G1000143, G0600717B, G0401527, G0801056B, MC_U106179471, G1001799, MC_U127561128, MC_PC_U127561128] Funding Source: researchfish
The male-to-female sex ratio at birth is constant across world populations with an average of 1.06 (106 male to 100 female live births) for populations of European descent. The sex ratio is considered to be affected by numerous biological and environmental factors and to have a heritable component. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of common allele modest effects at autosomal and chromosome X variants that could explain the observed sex ratio at birth. We conducted a large-scale genome-wide association scan (GWAS) meta-analysis across 51 studies, comprising overall 114 863 individuals (61 094 women and 53 769 men) of European ancestry and 2 623 828 common (minor allele frequency 0.05) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Allele frequencies were compared between men and women for directly-typed and imputed variants within each study. Forward-time simulations for unlinked, neutral, autosomal, common loci were performed under the demographic model for European populations with a fixed sex ratio and a random mating scheme to assess the probability of detecting significant allele frequency differences. We do not detect any genome-wide significant (P 5 10(8)) common SNP differences between men and women in this well-powered meta-analysis. The simulated data provided results entirely consistent with these findings. This large-scale investigation across approximate to 115 000 individuals shows no detectable contribution from common genetic variants to the observed skew in the sex ratio. The absence of sex-specific differences is useful in guiding genetic association study design, for example when using mixed controls for sex-biased traits.
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