期刊
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
卷 17, 期 12, 页码 1783-1789出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn068
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资金
- NIAAA NIH HHS [U10AA008401, U10 AA008401] Funding Source: Medline
Variations in OPRK1, which encodes the kappa-opioid receptor, are associated with the risk for alcohol dependence. Sequencing DNAs with higher and lower risk haplotypes revealed an insertion/deletion (indel) with a net addition of 830 bp located 1986 bp upstream of the translation start site (1389 bp upstream of the transcription start site). We demonstrated that the upstream region extending from -1647 to -10 bp or from -2312 to -10 bp (relative to the translation start site) could function as a promoter in transient transfection assays. We then determined that the presence of the indel reduced transcriptional activity by half. We used a PCR assay to genotype individuals in 219 multiplex alcohol-dependent families of European American descent for the presence or absence of this indel. Family-based association analyses detected significant evidence of association of this insertion with alcoholism; the longer allele (with the indel), which had lower expression, is associated with higher risk for alcoholism. This indel is, therefore, a functional regulatory variation likely to explain at least part of the association of OPRK1 with alcohol dependence.
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