期刊
HOLOCENE
卷 19, 期 6, 页码 967-981出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/0959683609337358
关键词
Climate; fire; human disturbances; land-use changes; past forest management; palaeoecology; forest dynamics; cultural landscape; Romania
资金
- EU Framework VI, Marie Curie Intra - European Fellowship through a grant to AF [MEIF-2006-024296]
- NERC [NE/G010730/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/C510667/1, NE/G010730/1] Funding Source: researchfish
The Apuseni Natural Park (ANP) in northwestern Romania was founded in 1990 to protect the old-growth forests in this region and their high species diversity. We present results from palaeoecological investigation (pollen, micro- and macrocharcoal) of two sedimentary sequences from ANP alongside regional archaeological and historical records to explore (1) the degree to which the present-day vegetation in this part of the reserve is a consequence of past land-use systems and forest management; (2) how this forest differs from what was there prior to human activity; and (3) how the understanding of correlations between historical land-use and vegetation changes is directly relevant for reserve conservation strategies and sustainable management of this reserve. Results indicate that anthropogenic activities had little influence on the forest dynamics prior to 200 BC but became evident thereafter as a consequence of forest burning, seasonal pastoralism and small-scale deforestation. From Ad 1550, anthropogenic activities also included wood clearances for smelting, and over the last 150 years it is apparent that these forests have been industrially exploited and managed. despite this legacy of these past land uses, most of the tree species growing presently in the forests are native. Humans have, however, altered their original relative abundance, leading to a great reduction of Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba, and to less extent of Ulmus, Tilia, Fraxinus excelsior and the enrichment with Picea abies, Betula, Alnus, Pinus and some Quercus, Carpinus betulus, Corlyus avellana.
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