Results of AlloDerm use in abdominal hernia repair

Background AlloDerm (decellularized human cadaveric dermis) is increasingly being used for tissue reconstruction and hernia repairs. This article presents the results of AlloDerm use in treating abdominal wall hernias by analyzing all patients who underwent repair with AlloDerm at our institution. Methods A series of 70 consecutive patients starting in October 2003 with abdominal wall hernia repair using AlloDerm was studied. This study began as a retrospective chart review, which included subsequent postoperative follow-up. SPSS version 11.5 was used for statistical analysis, and parametric tests were conducted. Various technical variables (type of AlloDerm placement, mesh-suture technique, suture type) and nontechnical variables (steroids use, obesity, smoking status, diabetes, prior surgeries, number of comorbidities) were evaluated. Results Of 70 study patients, 31 were men and 39 were women, with a mean age of 58 (range 25-88) years. Fifty-six patients (80%) had no complications, whereas 14 (20%) suffered one or more complications. Of those patients with complications, there was one rejection, two infections, and 14 hernia recurrences. The overall complication rate was 24%. Of patients with hernia recurrences, one had the initial repair with AlloDerm implant of < 1.8-mm thickness (thick) and 13 patients had their initial repair with AlloDerm implant of > 1.8-mm thickness (ultrathick). The 14 patients with recurrences include three who had a prior AlloDerm repair with ultrathick implant. Two of these three patients reported abdominal wall protrusion, and one had a recurrence between two pieces of AlloDerm used in the initial repair. Of these 14 patients, nine had subsequent repair of their recurrence with synthetic mesh, and four had subsequent repair with AlloDerm with satisfactory outcomes; one patient was yet to have a repair at the time of this paper. Recurrence rates with ultrathick and thick AlloDerm were 23% and 6%, respectively. None of the patients who were on steroid therapy had complications. Mesh-suture technique had no effect on recurrence. Type of placement was positively correlated with infection (Pearson's R 0.575, p 0.05), showing that onlay mesh is better than underlay/interpositional mesh in having a lower infection rate. Diabetes was associated with mesh infection (Pearson's R 0.548, p 0.05), and redo hernia repair was associated with longer length of hospital stay (LOS). The average number of comorbidities was five for the series. LOS positively correlated with presence of comorbidities. Conclusions Early results in repair of abdominal hernia with AlloDerm appear to have a complication rate of 24%. Recurrence is the most common complication. Thinner AlloDerm use has better outcomes with less recurrence. Careful analysis regarding the technical aspects and presence of comorbidities may be explored to improve the present outcomes to prevent recurrences.