期刊
HEART
卷 100, 期 19, 页码 1517-1523出版社
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-305623
关键词
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资金
- Federal Office for Scientific, Technical, and Cultural Affairs [ST/02/007]
- FWO-Vlaanderen
- National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS)
- Geneva University Hospitals through the General Directorate of Health (Canton of Geneva)
- Swiss National Science Foundation [33CM30-124087, 3200B0-105993, 3200B0-118308, 33CSCO-122661, FN 33CSC0-139468, PP00P3_133681]
- Danish Heart Foundation
- National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal [PTDC/SAU-ESA/108315/2008]
- Liechtenstein Government
- Swiss Heart Foundation
- Swiss Society of Hypertension
- University of Basel
- University Hospital Basel
- Hanela Foundation
- Schiller AG
- Novartis, Switzerland
- Wellcome Trust [064947/Z/01/Z, 081081/Z/06/Z]
- MacArthur Foundation 'Health and Social Upheaval (a research network)'
- National Institute on Aging [1R01 AG23522]
- Velux Foundation
- Danish Medical Research Council
- Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation
- Aase and Ejner Danielsens Foundation
- ALK-Abell A/S (Horsholm, Denmark)
- Timber Merchant Vilhelm Bangs Foundation
- MEKOS Laboratories (Denmark)
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark
- Cancer Council Victoria
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [209057, 251533, 396414]
- Pfizer Foundation (Rome, Italy)
- Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR, Rome, Italy)-Programma Triennale di Ricerca [1588]
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVs)
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
- Pfizer
- Italian Ministry of Health
- Centre of Disease Control, and partly from the Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO)
- Merck, Sharpe and Dohme-Chibret Laboratory
- 'HSC Research and Development Office for Northern Ireland'
- Spanish Health Research Fund [FIS 94/0539, FIS PI020471]
- Agency for Management of University and Research Grants [2005SGR00577]
- Spain's Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Carlos III Health Institute & European Regional Development Funds (ERDF) [RD12/0042]
- Health Research Council of New Zealand
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/SAU-ESA/108315/2008] Funding Source: FCT
- Medical Research Council [MR/K023241/1, MC_CF023241] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MR/K023241/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Objective To assess the seasonality of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in a large set of population-based studies. Methods Cross-sectional data from 24 population-based studies from 15 countries, with a total sample size of 237 979 subjects. CVRFs included Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference; systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure; total, high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein cholesterol; triglycerides and glucose levels. Within each study, all data were adjusted for age, gender and current smoking. For blood pressure, lipids and glucose levels, further adjustments on BMI and drug treatment were performed. Results In the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, CVRFs levels tended to be higher in winter and lower in summer months. These patterns were observed for most studies. In the Northern Hemisphere, the estimated seasonal variations were 0.26 kg/m(2) for BMI, 0.6 cm for waist circumference, 2.9 mm Hg for SBP, 1.4 mm Hg for DBP, 0.02 mmol/L for triglycerides, 0.10 mmol/L for total cholesterol, 0.01 mmol/L for HDL cholesterol, 0.11 mmol/L for LDL cholesterol, and 0.07 mmol/L for glycaemia. Similar results were obtained when the analysis was restricted to studies collecting fasting blood samples. Similar seasonal variations were found for most CVRFs in the Southern Hemisphere, with the exception of waist circumference, HDL, and LDL cholesterol. Conclusions CVRFs show a seasonal pattern characterised by higher levels in winter, and lower levels in summer. This pattern could contribute to the seasonality of CV mortality.
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