Article
Zoology
L. Michael Romero, Ursula K. Beattie
Summary: Glucocorticoid levels do not always indicate distress in animals; low concentrations do not necessarily mean the animal is healthy; sustained high levels do not necessarily indicate chronic stress; and glucocorticoids do not mobilize energy for short-term stress, but instead hinder glucose utilization. Additionally, measurements in non-blood tissues give imperfect reflections of blood concentrations.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Muhammad Irfan, Asif Razzaq, Wanich Suksatan, Arshian Sharif, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Chuxiao Yang, Yu Hao, Abdul Rauf
Summary: This study aims to investigate the impact of temperature on COVID-19 spread in India, particularly in the five most affected states. The results show an asymmetric and heterogenous impact of temperature on COVID-19 spread, with significant positive effects in some states and a mixed trend in others.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Rudolf Meier, Bonnie B. Blaimer, Eliana Buenaventura, Emily Hartop, Thomas Rintelen, Amrita Srivathsan, Darren Yeo
Summary: Halting biodiversity decline is crucial but hindered by taxonomic impediments, including undescribed and superficially described species. A recent study attempted to address the issue by using COI barcode clusters for braconid wasps in Costa Rica, but the accuracy of the descriptions is questionable.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Assan, Felix Kofi Agbeko Kuebutornye, Vivian Hlordzi, Huapu Chen, Jan Mraz, Umar Farouk Mustapha, Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
Summary: Digestive enzymes in the digestive tract of animals assist in breaking down food molecules into absorbable particles, while probiotics produce helpful enzymes that improve enzyme activities, food absorption, and reduce pathogenic issues in the GIT.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Zoology
M. Hodda
Summary: This article presents a classification system for the entire Phylum Nematoda based on molecular, developmental, and morphological evidence. It provides an overview of the evolutionary relationships within the phylum and discusses areas of uncertainty. The article also includes information on the number of valid species within each genus, taxonomic authorities, habitats, and an alphabetic index of genus names. Additionally, it reviews the history of nematode classification, their evolutionary affinities and origins, and their biological, ecological, scientific, and economic importance.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandrina-Stefania Curpan, Federica Impellitteri, Gabriel Plavan, Alin Ciobica, Caterina Faggio
Summary: The increasing level of pollution has become a pressing issue for humankind worldwide. While the direct effects of pollution such as decreased air quality and abnormal temperatures are often focused on, the unseen effects are frequently overlooked. In recent years, more attention has been given to the effects of pollution on living organisms and plants, and a model animal called Mytilus galloprovincialis has emerged. This species of mussel is capable of accumulating various xenobiotics and can be used for toxicological assessments. This paper aims to highlight the benefits of using M. galloprovincialis as an animal model for toxicological assays by reviewing relevant studies.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Malgorzata Gierynska, Lidia Szulc-Dabrowska, Justyna Struzik, Matylda Barbara Mielcarska, Karolina Paulina Gregorczyk-Zboroch
Summary: This article discusses the importance of the gastrointestinal tract and the key mechanisms of communication between the gut microbiota and epithelial cells in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. The article emphasizes the role of the mucosal barrier and how intestinal epithelial cells maintain barrier integrity through mucus secretion, formation of intercellular junctions, and production of antimicrobial peptides. The article also discusses how imbalances in regulation can lead to barrier damage and dysbiosis, contributing to inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jianing Xing, Siyi Zhang, Miaolian Zhang, Jing Hou
Summary: This article reviews the presence and removal of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment and consumer products, as well as its endocrine disrupting, neurotoxic, cytotoxic, reproductive, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects. It is found that humans have been exposed to low concentrations of BPA for a long time, and future research should focus on the long-term exposure and the potential health risks associated with it. Developing safe, functional, and reproducible BPA analogs and studying its degradation products are also important areas of research.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Zoology
Leidy Azucena Ramirez-Francel, Leidy Viviana Garcia-Herrera, Sergio Losada-Prado, Gladys Reinoso-Florez, Alfonso Sanchez-Hernandez, Sergio Estrada-Villegas, Burton K. Lim, Giovany Guevara
Summary: Bats play important roles in ecosystem services such as seed dispersal, pollination, insect control, and nutrient recycling. Studies have shown that evaluations of these services by bats have been primarily conducted in the Neotropical and Palearctic regions. The conservation of bat populations and the ecological services they provide are crucial, especially in the current global health crisis.
INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mauricio G. C. Emerenciano, Artur N. Rombenso, Felipe d. N. Vieira, Mateus A. Martins, Greg J. Coman, Ha H. Truong, Tansyn H. Noble, Cedric J. Simon
Summary: The shrimp sector has witnessed rapid growth in recent years, with a shift towards intensified production systems. Farmers are opting for more controlled intensive systems with higher biosecurity to meet the increasing market demand and mitigate risks posed by pathogens. Nutrition and breeding play critical roles in supporting the intensification of shrimp farming. This review provides an update on current production systems and strategies, highlighting the advances made in nutrition, breeding, and pathogen surveillance in promoting intensification and super-intensive shrimp culture.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Alessio Alesci, Simona Pergolizzi, Angelo Fumia, Concetta Calabro, Patrizia Lo Cascio, Eugenia Rita Lauriano
Summary: This study used goldfish as an experimental model to characterize mast cells in the intestine. The results demonstrate the active role of mast cells in the immune response, using highly conserved antibody labeling.
Review
Ecology
Andrew M. Ramey, Nichola J. Hill, Thomas J. DeLiberto, Samantha E. J. Gibbs, M. Camille Hopkins, Andrew S. Lang, Rebecca L. Poulson, Diann J. Prosser, Jonathan M. Sleeman, David E. Stallknecht, Xiu-Feng Wan
Summary: Prior to the emergence of H5N1 influenza A virus, highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks were thought to be limited to poultry. However, since 2002, viral descendants have been detected in wild birds, and since 2010, there has been an increase in the occurrence and geographic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds. The global avian reservoir and migratory bird movement have contributed to the threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza to North American wildlife. Therefore, agencies managing wild birds and their habitats need to develop mitigation strategies to reduce transmission to poultry and minimize negative impacts on wild bird populations and stakeholders using wildlife resources.
JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jose Martin Ruvalcaba-Gomez, Zuami Villagran, Juan Jose Valdez-Alarcon, Marcelino Martinez-Nunez, Lorena Jacqueline Gomez-Godinez, Edmundo Ruesga-Gutierrez, Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza, Ramon Ignacio Arteaga-Garibay, Angelica Villarruel-Lopez
Summary: This review discusses the main antibiotic-free strategies for controlling Salmonella infection in poultry, categorized into feeding-based and non-feeding-based approaches. The importance of omics as a tool to design and validate the efficacy of these treatments is highlighted.
Article
Physiology
Theodore Garland, Cynthia J. Downs, Anthony R. Ives
Summary: Trade-offs and constraints are important aspects in both organismal and evolutionary biology. They can be defined and categorized in various ways, including allocation constraints, functional conflicts, shared biochemical pathways, antagonistic pleiotropy, ecological circumstances, and sexual selection. Empirical studies often look for negative correlations between traits as evidence of trade-offs, but this approach may not be sufficient for complex physiological networks or multiple traits. Trade-offs may occur in harsh environmental conditions and can be circumvented through compensatory mechanisms.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Ted Cheeseman, Ken Southerland, Jinmo Park, Marilia Olio, Kiirsten Flynn, John Calambokidis, Lindsey Jones, Claire Garrigue, Astrid Frisch Jordan, Addison Howard, Walter Reade, Janet Neilson, Christine Gabriele, Phil Clapham
Summary: This new convolutional neural network-based photo-identification algorithm is able to extract features and automatically recognize individuals in large humpback whale photo datasets, significantly reducing time and error rates compared to manual matching.
Article
Ecology
Pratik Rajan Gupte, Christine E. Beardsworth, Orr Spiegel, Emmanuel Lourie, Sivan Toledo, Ran Nathan, Allert Bijleveld
Summary: Cleaning modern, high-throughput animal tracking data is crucial to reduce location errors and improve data quality for subsequent analyses. Developing automated pre-processing pipelines that balance ease of use with computational efficiency is essential for handling large datasets and enhancing reproducibility in movement ecology research. The use of standardized methods and tools like the atlastools R package can lead to better inferences and exploration of animal space use patterns.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Alessio Alesci, Simona Pergolizzi, Patrizia Lo Cascio, Angelo Fumia, Eugenia Rita Lauriano
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases affect a significant percentage of the population, with lower vertebrates retaining the ability to regenerate the nervous system. The regenerative ability of the nervous system decreases with phylogenetic distance, and there are differences in neuronal regeneration processes among different classes of vertebrates.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Isaac Hyeladi Malgwi, Veronika Halas, Petra Grunvald, Stefano Schiavon, Ildiko Jocsak
Summary: Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important indicator of pork sensory quality, influenced by dietary nutrients, genes, and metabolic pathways in pigs. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics provide a powerful tool for estimating nutrient requirements and programming dietary nutrient supply based on individual pig's genetic make-up. Understanding the mechanisms of fat metabolism and IMF deposition is crucial for improving swine production and economically important traits.
Article
Zoology
Chao Fan, Liangzhi Zhang, Shangang Jia, Xianjiang Tang, Haibo Fu, Wenjing Li, Chuanfa Liu, He Zhang, Qi Cheng, Yanming Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the seasonal variations in gut microbiota of wild plateau pikas and found significant differences in the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa across different seasons. The study also revealed that diet had a greater impact on microbial variation than climatic factors.
INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Pablo A. Goloboff, Martin E. Morales
Summary: This article presents a new graphical user interface (GUI) for the program TNT, which is compatible with Linux, Mac, and Cygwin environments. The new GUI, based on GTK (version 3), improves upon the existing Windows interface in various aspects. Key improvements include accessing graphical user dialogs through simple commands, saving trees in SVG format, parallel analysis management, and improved stability. Additionally, the new version removes memory limitations by compiling as a native 64-bit application.
