Article
Virology
Jing Kang, Ziqiu Wang, Ying Zhou, Wen Wang, Ying Wen
Summary: This article reports a case of symptomatic encephalitis caused by persistent CNS viral escape in an HIV-infected patient, which was ultimately stabilized through ART adjustment and corticosteroid treatment.
Article
Virology
Jiayu Zhang, Peiying Teng, Bo Sun, Jihong Zhang, Xiaoshuang Zhou, Wei Chen
Summary: This study identifies TAB1 as a cellular protein that interacts with CVB5 3D polymerase and inhibits CVB5 replication through activation of the host innate immune response, providing a novel insight into virus-host innate immunity.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Paul Wasuwanich, Joshua M. So, Songyos Rajborirug, Wikrom Karnsakul
Summary: This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of hepatitis A hospitalizations in the United States from 1998 to 2020 and investigate risk factors for inpatient mortality. The findings showed that hepatitis A hospitalization rates initially declined but rapidly increased after 2015. Age ≥55 years, alcoholic cirrhosis, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and malignant neoplasm were associated with increased odds of mortality, while tobacco use disorder was associated with decreased odds of mortality.
JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Muhammad Akmal, Kaho Araki, Issei Nishiki, Terutoyo Yoshida
Summary: This study isolated and characterized a lytic bacteriophage NS-I infecting Nocardia seriolae. The results showed that the phage had a broad lytic spectrum, infecting multiple N. seriolae strains, and had a high genomic similarity to Gordonia bacteriophage Gustav. This study suggests that the phage NS-I has the potential to be a biocontrol agent for Nocardiosis infection in fish farms and further investigation is warranted.
PHAGE-THERAPY APPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Qing Yang, Tianxiang Lin, Yanrong Zhao, Yinwei Qiu, Xuewen Jiang, Hongyu Yang
Summary: Adolescents and young adults play a crucial role in social development, and the prevalence of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in this population cannot be ignored. There is a lack of research on the disease burden of AVH specifically in this age group, with most studies focusing on chronic liver diseases. This study examined global trends in AVH burden among adolescents and young adults (aged 15-29) using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Overall, the global burden of AVH declined, but certain causes, such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), showed an upward trend. AVH prevalence among adolescents and young adults in Asia and Africa was higher compared to other regions, highlighting the need for more attention and interventions.
JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Sambhavi Subramanian, Gretja Schnell, Julia di Iulio, Anil K. Gupta, Adrienne E. Shapiro, Elias H. Sarkis, Amanda Lopuski, Amanda Peppercorn, Melissa Aldinger, Christy M. Hebner, Andrea L. Cathcart
Summary: This study analyzed the effect of Sotrovimab in treating COVID-19 patients. By examining the genetic characteristics of the viruses and changes in the binding site of Sotrovimab, it was found that these changes were not associated with progression in participants.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Chien-Chen Lai, Wei-Chen Wang, Cheng-Yu Kuo, Chun-Chun Yang, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Hon-Man-Herman Tam, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study utilized nanopore direct RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to demonstrate that defective viral genomes (DVGs) of coronaviruses have the ability to encode proteins. The identification of DVG-encoded proteins and further understanding of their biological function may contribute to studying coronavirus pathogenesis and developing antiviral strategies.
Article
Virology
Lei Zhang, Yuekun Shao, Yingying Wang, Qiuxian Yang, Jiamei Guo, George F. Gao, Tao Deng
Summary: The last amino acid I121 of the viral NS2 protein plays a critical role in promoting viral genome replication. The hydrophobicity of residue 121 is essential for virus survival. Adaptive mutations PA-K19E and PB1-S713N compensate for the replication-promoting defect caused by NS2-I121 mutation.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Pengfei Wang, Ye Li, Yuena Sun, Tianjun Xu
Summary: This study revealed a novel mechanism by which viruses utilize host EFHD2 to promote the degradation of TRAF6, leading to immune escape. The findings provide a new perspective on understanding the mechanisms of viral invasion and mammalian resistance to viral infection.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Meng Chang, Yuan-Qin Min, Zhao Xu, Fei Deng, Hualin Wang, Yun-Jia Ning
Summary: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by Dabie bandavirus (DBV) with high case mortality rates. This study reveals that the host factor MxA restricts DBV infection by interacting with the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) and blocking the NP-RdRp interaction. These findings provide insights into the virus-host interactions and may contribute to the development of antiviral therapeutics.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ying-Xian Ma, Ya-Jing Chai, Ya-Qi Han, Shi-Bo Zhao, Guo-Yu Yang, Jiang Wang, Sheng-Li Ming, Bei-Bei Chu
Summary: The study found that the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is involved in the infection and invasion process of pseudorabies virus (PRV). PRV infection can upregulate LDLR expression, and overexpression of LDLR promotes PRV proliferation. In addition, LDLR interacts with PRV on the plasma membrane, affecting viral attachment and entry.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Thuy X. Pham, Trang T. X. Huynh, Jiwon Choi, Jae-Bong Lee, Seok-Chan Park, Bumseok Kim, Yun-Sook Lim, Soon B. Hwang
Summary: This study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes host RAD51 for replication. Silencing RAD51 impairs the propagation of SARS-CoV-2. Viral RNA and RAD51 colocalize in the cytoplasm, hinting at the formation of a replication complex. RAD51 inhibitors show antiviral activities against both Wuhan and variants of SARS-CoV-2 by interfering with RAD51 dimerization. These findings suggest that RAD51 may be a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 treatment.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Samaa T. Gobran, Amelie Pagliuzza, Omar Khedr, Augustine Fert, Nicolas Chomont, Julie Bruneau, Marina B. Klein, Petronela Ancuta, Naglaa H. Shoukry
Summary: This study investigated the impact of direct acting antivirals (DAA)-mediated hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure on the size and transcriptional activity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoirs. The results showed that DAA treatment significantly reduced the size of the HIV reservoirs, particularly in individuals infected with HCV before HIV. These findings support the need for early antiretroviral therapy (ART) and DAA treatment in HIV/HCV coinfections.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Lan Kang, He Xie, Haiyan Ye, Andre J. Jeyarajan, Charlotte A. Warner, Yike Huang, Yaoqiang Shi, Yujia Li, Chunhui Yang, Min Xu, Wenyu Lin, Jujun Sun, Limin Chen, Xiaoqiong Duan, Shilin Li
Summary: Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) play a critical role in regulating viral infection and replication. This study identified a significantly downregulated circRNA, hsa_circ_0007321, after Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. It was found that hsa_circ_0007321 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA that regulates ZIKV replication through the miR-492/NFKBID NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Aken Puti Wanguyun, Wakana Oishi, Daisuke Sano
Summary: This study employed machine learning to quantitatively analyze 37 peer-reviewed articles and determine the sensitivity of viruses to ethanol and the important variables influencing virus inactivation. The results showed that enveloped viruses require at least 35% ethanol with 1 minute contact time for effective viral reduction, while non-enveloped viruses with organic matter require higher concentrations of ethanol and longer contact time. Ethanol concentration was found to be a more important variable than contact time for inactivating both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Jaime Manzano-Alvarez, Gerard Terradas, Christopher J. Holmes, Joshua B. Benoit, Jason L. Rasgon
Summary: This study examines the effects of low relative humidity on mosquito mortality, blood-feeding frequency, and Mayaro virus transmission in Ae. aegypti. The results suggest that dehydration does not impact viral infection and transmission rates, but it does affect mosquito survival and feeding behavior.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Wenlong Dai, Xue Li, Zeyu Liu, Chao Zhang
Summary: In this study, multiple neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) were generated and four distinct neutralizing antigenic sites were identified. These findings advance our understanding of the recognition of EV-D68 by neutralizing antibodies and viral evolution and immune escape.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Mengli Xu, Weifang Zhou, Yuewen Su, Meng Cao, Yuqin Li
Summary: This study investigated the expression and clinical significance of IL-17A and IL-22 in the plasma of children with infectious mononucleosis complicated with liver damage caused by Epstein-Barr virus. The study found that the levels of IL-17A and IL-22 were higher in the liver damage group and positively correlated with liver function indicators.
Article
Virology
Michal Smahel, Jaroslav Nunvar
Summary: Our study analyzed the immune characteristics of HPV-dependent tumors and their association with different types of carcinogenesis. By analyzing the transcriptomic profiles of HNSCC and CC from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we identified two clusters of HPV16-positive squamous cell carcinomas in both tumor types: cluster 1 showed higher activation of immune responses, including stimulation of the antigen processing and presentation pathway, higher immune cell infiltration, and better overall survival; cluster 2 was characterized by keratinization. In CC, the distribution of tumor samples into clusters 1 and 2 was not dependent on the level of E2/E5 expression, but in HNSCC, most E2/E5-high tumors were localized in cluster 1 and E2/E5-low tumors in cluster 2. Further analysis did not reveal any association between the E2/E5 levels and the expression of immune-related genes.
Article
Virology
Yi Chen, Zhiqiang Cao, Jianjun Li, Jin Chen, Qiuying Zhu, Shujia Liang, Guanghua Lan, Hui Xing, Lingjie Liao, Yi Feng, Yiming Shao, Yuhua Ruan, Huanhuan Chen
Summary: This longitudinal molecular network study supports the efficacy of ART in a real-world setting. Promoting adherence to ART is crucial to reduce HIV transmission.
