Virology

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Article Microbiology

Antibody evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3 sub-lineages

Jingwen Ai, Xun Wang, Xinyi He, Xiaoyu Zhao, Yi Zhang, Yuchao Jiang, Minghui Li, Yuchen Cui, Yanjia Chen, Rui Qiao, Lin Li, Lulu Yang, Yi Li, Zixin Hu, Wenhong Zhang, Pengfei Wang

Summary: This study compared the neutralization efficacy of vaccine-induced or monoclonal antibodies against different sub-lineages of the Omicron variant. The results showed that current vaccines have low neutralization activity, but both homologous and heterologous boosters significantly improved neutralization titers. The study also found that most monoclonal antibodies lost their neutralizing activity, while some demonstrated distinct neutralization patterns among Omicron sub-lineages, indicating antigenic differences.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2022)

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Letter Virology

Emergence of Omicron third lineage BA.3 and its importance

Perumal A. Desingu, K. Nagarajan, Kuldeep Dhama

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Virology

A large-scale meta-analytic atlas of mental health problems prevalence during the COVID-19 early pandemic

Elena Dragioti, Han Li, George Tsitsas, Keum Hwa Lee, Jiwoo Choi, Jiwon Kim, Young Jo Choi, Konstantinos Tsamakis, Andres Estrade, Agorastos Agorastos, Davy Vancampfort, Dimitrios Tsiptsios, Trevor Thompson, Anna Mosina, Georgios Vakadaris, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Andre F. Carvalho, Christoph U. Correll, Young Joo Han, Seoyeon Park, Jae Il Shin, Marco Solmi

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions have a significant impact on mental health. A systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that anxiety, depression, stress, sleep problems, and posttraumatic symptoms are prevalent during the pandemic. Females and individuals with COVID-19 infection are more susceptible to mental health issues. The prevalence of these issues varies in different regions.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Review Virology

Present variants of concern and variants of interest of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: Their significant mutations in S-glycoprotein, infectivity, re-infectivity, immune escape and vaccines activity

Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Ashish Ranjan Sharma

Summary: The study discusses the emergence of alarming SARS-CoV-2 variants globally, highlighting key properties, mutations, and clinical characteristics of both variant of concern (VOC) and variant of interest (VOI) variants. The comprehensive review offers updated information on these newly appearing variants to aid researchers in formulating strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic.

REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Review Virology

Monkeypox virus: a re-emergent threat to humans

Qizan Gong, Changle Wang, Xia Chuai, Sandra Chiu

Summary: This review summarizes the features, transmission pathways, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis, and prevention and treatment strategies of human monkeypox. By understanding this information, it provides basic knowledge for the prevention and control of future outbreaks of monkeypox.

VIROLOGICA SINICA (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern link to increased spike cleavage

Alba Escalera, Ana S. Gonzalez-Reiche, Sadaf Aslam, Ignacio Mena, Manon Laporte, Rebecca L. Pearl, Andrea Fossati, Raveen Rathnasinghe, Hala Alshammary, Adriana van de Guchte, Keith Farrugia, Yiren Qin, Mehdi Bouhaddou, Thomas Kehrer, Lorena Zuliani-Alvarez, David A. Meekins, Velmurugan Balaraman, Chester McDowell, Jurgen A. Richt, Goran Bajic, Emilia Mia Sordillo, Marion Dejosez, Thomas P. Zwaka, Nevan J. Krogan, Viviana Simon, Randy A. Albrecht, Harm van Bakel, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Teresa Aydillo

Summary: This study characterized the spike polymorphisms of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and investigated their impact on transmissibility and virus pathogenicity. The findings showed that specific substitutions enhance viral replication and spike protein cleavage, leading to increased transmission efficiency in infection models and human airway systems.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2022)

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Article Virology

Long COVID syndrome-associated brain fog

Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Ali Akbari, Amir Emami, Mehrzad Lotfi, Mahtab Rostamihosseinkhani, Hamid Nemati, Zohreh Barzegar, Maryam Kabiri, Zahra Zeraatpisheh, Mohsen Farjoud-Kouhanjani, Anahita Jafari, Fateme Sasannia, Shayan Ashrafi, Masoume Nazeri, Sara Nasiri, Mina Shahisavandi

Summary: This large population-based study shows that chronic post-COVID brain fog has significant associations with sex (female), respiratory symptoms at the onset, and the illness severity (ICU admission).

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Virology

Re-emerging human monkeypox: A major public-health debacle

Shailendra K. Saxena, Saniya Ansari, Vimal K. Maurya, Swatantra Kumar, Amita Jain, Janusz T. Paweska, Anil K. Tripathi, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim

Summary: A multicountry outbreak of monkeypox virus has led to 250 confirmed human cases globally. Monkeypox, caused by the Monkeypox virus, is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals, animals, or contaminated materials. It is a self-limiting infection, with symptoms lasting 2-4 weeks and a case fatality ratio of 3%-6%. Complications may include pneumonitis, encephalitis, keratitis, and bacterial infections. Antiviral treatment and vaccines developed for smallpox also show efficacy against monkeypox.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2023)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern does not readily infect Syrian hamsters

Rana Abdelnabi, Caroline S. Foo, Xin Zhang, Viktor Lemmens, Piet Maes, Bram Slechten, Joren Raymenants, Emmanuel Andr, Birgit Weynand, Kai Dallmeier, Johan Neyts

Summary: The infectivity of the omicron variant in hamsters was found to be lower than that of the ancestral D614G strain, with a significant decrease in viral RNA load in the lungs and no detectable infectious virus in this organ. Histopathological examination of the lungs from omicron-infected hamsters revealed no signs of peri-bronchial inflammation or bronchopneumonia.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Virology

Correlation between a quantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA and neutralization activity

Ramona Dolscheid-Pommerich, Eva Bartok, Marcel Renn, Beate M. Kuemmerer, Bianca Schulte, Ricarda M. Schmithausen, Birgit Stoffel-Wagner, Hendrik Streeck, Sandra Saschenbrecker, Katja Steinhagen, Gunther Hartmann

Summary: This study analyzed the correlation between binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patients, revealing a strong positive relationship and supporting the use of QuantiVac ELISA to assess protective immunity post-infection or vaccination.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Virology

The Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Variant Omicron with a Doubling Time of 2.0-3.3 Days Can Be Explained by Immune Evasion

Frederic Grabowski, Marek Kochanczyk, Tomasz Lipniacki

Summary: Omicron, a highly mutated variant of SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread and approached fixation in South Africa and has been detected worldwide. Its exponential growth and short doubling time may be attributed to its ability to evade immunity and infect both recovered and vaccinated individuals. The growth rate of Omicron compared to Delta is considerably higher, indicating a potential for larger epidemic outbreaks.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Enhanced neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2

Panke Qu, John P. Evans, Julia N. Faraone, Yi-Min Zheng, Claire Carlin, Mirela Anghelina, Patrick Stevens, Soledad Fernandez, Daniel Jones, Gerard Lozanski, Ashish Panchal, Linda J. Saif, Eugene M. Oltz, Kai Xu, Richard J. Gumina, Shan-Lu Liu

Summary: The emergence of new Omicron subvariants, including BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2, has shown enhanced neutralization resistance against sera from vaccinated healthcare workers and COVID-19 patients. The mutations N460K, K444T, and F486S play a significant role in driving the increased neutralization resistance of these subvariants. These findings provide insights into the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2023)

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Letter Virology

In the age of Omicron variant: Paxlovid raises new hopes of COVID-19 recovery

Zhonglei Wang, Liyan Yang

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Virology

Genomic annotation and molecular evolution of monkeypox virus outbreak in 2022

Lulan Wang, Jingzhe Shang, Shenghui Weng, Saba R. Aliyari, Chengyang Ji, Genhong Cheng, Aiping Wu

Summary: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has been circulating in West and Central Africa. Recent outbreaks in nonendemic countries were analyzed, revealing that the MPXV-2022 strains belong to the same lineage as the 2018 strain with several new mutations. Some specific proteins were found to be more prone to mutation in the MPXV genome. This study provides insights into the ongoing MPXV outbreak and identifies novel mutations for further research.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2023)

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Article Virology

Omicron (BA.1) and sub-variants (BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3) of SARS-CoV-2 spike infectivity and pathogenicity: A comparative sequence and structural-based computational assessment

Suresh Kumar, Kalimuthu Karuppanan, Gunasekaran Subramaniam

Summary: This study used computational tools to evaluate the infectivity, transmission, and pathogenicity of the Omicron variant and its sub-variants. The research found that the Omicron and sub-variants have multiple mutations in the receptor-binding domain, increasing their affinity for human ACE2 and potential for transmission. However, mutations in the spike protein's N-terminal domain may result in less impact on the lower respiratory tract. Some mutations in the sub-variants of Omicron seemed to restore the binding effectiveness to ACE2.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Editorial Material Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepeviridae 2022

Michael A. Purdy, Jan Felix Drexler, Xiang-Jin Meng, Helene Norder, Hiroaki Okamoto, Wim H. M. Van der Poel, Gabor Reuter, William M. de Souza, Rainer G. Ulrich, Donald B. Smith

Summary: Hepeviridae family includes enterically transmitted viruses infecting mammals, birds, and fish, with Hepatitis E virus causing acute hepatitis in humans and Avian hepatitis E virus inducing hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens.

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Review Virology

Mutations and Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Nicholas Magazine, Tianyi Zhang, Yingying Wu, Michael C. McGee, Gianluca Veggiani, Weishan Huang

Summary: This review summarizes the potential mechanisms by which common mutations on the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 variants enhance the overall fitness of the virus. Understanding how these mutations alter viral functions can help predict the effects of future mutations and assist the scientific community in addressing viral evolution.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

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Article Virology

Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022)

Peter J. Walker, Stuart G. Siddell, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R. Mushegian, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini, Donald M. Dempsey, Bas E. Dutilh, Maria Laura Garcia, R. Curtis Hendrickson, Sandra Junglen, Mart Krupovic, Jens H. Kuhn, Amy J. Lambert, Malgorzata Lobocka, Hanna M. Oksanen, Richard J. Orton, David L. Robertson, Luisa Rubino, Sead Sabanadzovic, Peter Simmonds, Donald B. Smith, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Koenraad Van Doorslaer, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Arvind Varsani, Francisco Murilo Zerbini

Summary: This article discusses the changes in virus taxonomy approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2022. The ICTV members voted on 174 taxonomic proposals, all of which were ratified by an absolute majority. The implementation of a new naming rule for virus species has resulted in over 60% of virus species being named in the 'Genus_name species_epithet' format.

ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY (2022)

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Review Virology

SARS-CoV-2 variants and vulnerability at the global level

Vivek P. Chavda, Aayushi B. Patel, Darsh D. Vaghasiya

Summary: Numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged, with increased transmission, severe illness, evasive immunological features, decreased neutralization by antibodies, and higher susceptibility to reinfection. The CDC has categorized these variants into variants of interest, variants of concern, and variants of high consequence. This review article summarizes the various variants, particularly the globally spreading variants of concern, and their impact on the virus properties.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Review Virology

Proposed subtypes of post-COVID-19 syndrome (or long-COVID) and their respective potential therapies

Shin Jie Yong, Shiliang Liu

Summary: COVID-19 survivors may develop long-COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and cognitive impairments. These symptoms can be classified into six subtypes based on existing literature, aiming to enhance the understanding of PCS.

REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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